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Gott, Goldberg and Vanderbei’s double-sided disk map was designed to minimize all six types of map distortions. Not properly "a" map projection because it is on two surfaces instead of one, it consists of two hemispheric equidistant azimuthal projections back-to-back. [5] [6] [7] 1879 Peirce quincuncial: Other Conformal Charles Sanders Peirce
However, if the map is marked with an accurate and finely spaced latitude scale from which the latitude may be read directly—as is the case for the Mercator 1569 world map (sheets 3, 9, 15) and all subsequent nautical charts—the meridian distance between two latitudes φ 1 and φ 2 is simply
The Arab geographer, Muhammad al-Idrisi, incorporated the knowledge of Africa, the Indian Ocean and the Far East gathered by Arab merchants and explorers with the information inherited from the classical geographers to create the most accurate map of the world at the time. It remained the most accurate world map for the next three centuries.
In 1998, the Winkel tripel projection replaced the Robinson projection as the standard projection for world maps made by the National Geographic Society. [3] Many educational institutes and textbooks soon followed National Geographic's example in adopting the projection, most of which still utilize it. [7] [8]
Another early example of this system is the world map by ‛Ali b. Ahmad al-Sharafi of Sfax in 1571. [3] The projection appears in many Renaissance maps, and Gerardus Mercator used it for an inset of the north polar regions in sheet 13 and legend 6 of his well-known 1569 map.
Robinson projection of the world The Robinson projection with Tissot's indicatrix of deformation Map of the world created by the Central Intelligence Agency, with standard parallels 38°N and 38°S. The Robinson projection is a map projection of a world map that shows the entire world at once. It was specifically created in an attempt to find a ...
This is the most striking difference between the spherical and ellipsoidal versions of the transverse Mercator projection: Gauss–Krüger gives a reasonable projection of the whole ellipsoid to the plane, although its principal application is to accurate large-scale mapping "close" to the central meridian.
A world map is a map of most or all of the surface of Earth. World maps, because of their scale, must deal with the problem of projection. Maps rendered in two dimensions by necessity distort the display of the three-dimensional surface of the Earth. While this is true of any map, these distortions reach extremes in a world map.