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Metformin also has significant effects on the gut microbiome, such as its effect on increasing agmatine production by gut bacteria, but the relative importance of this mechanism compared to other mechanisms is uncertain. [120] [121] [122] Due to its effect on GLUT4 and AMPK, metformin has been described as an exercise mimetic. [123] [124]
Gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the biosynthesis of glucose from certain non- carbohydrate carbon substrates. It is a ubiquitous process, present in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. [1] In vertebrates, gluconeogenesis occurs mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in ...
The root microbiome (also called rhizosphere microbiome) is the dynamic community of microorganisms associated with plant roots. [1] Because they are rich in a variety of carbon compounds, plant roots provide unique environments for a diverse assemblage of soil microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea.
The plant microbiome, also known as the phytomicrobiome, plays roles in plant health and productivity and has received significant attention in recent years. [1][2] The microbiome has been defined as "a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonably well-defined habitat which has distinct physio-chemical properties.
Humans now have fewer and less diverse gut bacteria The paper notes that many ancestral bacterial species have been lost over the years, leading to problems like metabolic diseases.
Symbiogenesis (endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory[2]) is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms. [3] The theory holds that mitochondria, plastids such as chloroplasts, and possibly other organelles of eukaryotic cells are descended from formerly free-living prokaryotes ...
Rhizobacteria are root-associated bacteria that can have a detrimental (parasitic varieties), neutral or beneficial effect on plant growth. The name comes from the Greek rhiza, meaning root. The term usually refers to bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with many plants (mutualism). Rhizobacteria are often referred to as plant growth ...
An overview of the endosymbiosis theory of eukaryote origin (symbiogenesis). Symbiogenesis theory holds that eukaryotes evolved via absorbing prokaryotes. Typically, one organism envelopes a bacterium and the two evolve a mutualistic relationship. The absorbed bacteria (the endosymbiont) eventually lives exclusively within the host cells.
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