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Estimates of the number of deaths attributable to the Soviet revolutionary and dictator Joseph Stalin vary widely. [1] The scholarly consensus affirms that archival materials declassified in 1991 contain irrefutable data far superior to sources used prior to 1991, such as statements from emigres and other informants.
With an estimated death toll in an excess of a million, the bloodletting at Stalingrad far exceeded that of Verdun, one of the costliest battles of World War I." [39] According to military historian Louis A. DiMarco, "In terms of raw casualty numbers, the battle for Stalingrad was the single most brutal battle in history."
The destruction was monumental and complete, turning Stalingrad into a sea of fire and killing thousands of civilians and soldiers. At least 90% of the housing stock was obliterated during the first week of the bombing, [ 3 ] with estimations of some 40,000 killed, [ 1 ] possibly as many as 70,000 killed, [ 3 ] though these may be exaggerations ...
Most frequently, the states and events which are studied and included in death toll estimates are the Holodomor and the Great Purge in the Soviet Union, the Great Chinese Famine and the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China, and the Cambodian genocide in Democratic Kampuchea (now Cambodia). Estimates of individuals killed range ...
The death rate of German soldiers held by Soviet Union has been estimated at 15% by Mark Edele, [31] and at 35.8% by Niall Ferguson. [35] An even higher estimate of death rate has been suggested for the Italian soldiers held by the Soviet Union: 79% (estimate by Thomas Schlemmer ) [36]: 153 or 56.5%.
At about the same time a mass grave from the Stalin period was discovered at the other end of the country in Vladivostok. [3] These and later mass graves in the Soviet Union were used to conceal the large numbers of Soviet citizens and foreigners executed by the Bolshevik regime under Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. [4]
Werner Gruhl estimates the civilian death toll due to the war and Japanese occupation at 1,500,000. [361] Vietnamese sources put the number of deaths during the 1944–45 famine in North Vietnam at between 1 and 2 million. [52] ^S Germany The following notes summarize German casualties, the details are presented in German casualties in World ...
He concluded that the number of terminally ill people discharged early on medical grounds from the Gulag was about 1 million. Mikhail added 800,000–850,000 excess deaths to the death toll directly caused by the results of GULAG incarceration, which brings the death toll to 2.5 million people. [103]