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It used to be claimed that glass sponges could live on nutrients dissolved in sea water and were very averse to silt. [30] However, a study in 2007 found no evidence of this and concluded that they extract bacteria and other micro-organisms from water very efficiently (about 79%) and process suspended sediment grains to extract such prey. [31]
Individual sponges grow at a rate of 0–7 cm/year, and can live to be at least 220 years old. [6] Little is known about hexactinellid sponge reproduction. Like all poriferans, the hexactinellids are filter feeders. They obtain nutrition from direct absorption of dissolved substances, and to a lesser extent from particulate materials. [5]
Spongia officinalis, better known as a variety of bath sponge, is a commercially used sea sponge. [2] Individuals grow in large lobes with small openings and are formed by a mesh of primary and secondary fibers. [3] [2] It is light grey to black in color. [3] It is found throughout the Mediterranean Sea up to 100 meters deep on rocky or sandy ...
Sponges also grown between rocks and boulders, providing a more stable environment and lowering the disturbance levels. [13] Sponges also provide habitats for other organisms to live in, without them, these organisms would not have a protected habitat. Scientists have discovered that sponges play an important role in the nitrogen cycle.
The giant barrel sponge is common on reefs throughout the Caribbean Sea, the Bahamas, Bermuda, the reefs and hard-bottom areas of Florida,and the Gulf of Mexico.In terms of benthic surface coverage, it is the second most abundant sponge on reefs in the Caribbean region. [8]
Bolosoma stalked glass sponge. Hexactinellid sponges are sponges with a skeleton made of four- and/or six-pointed siliceous spicules, often referred to as glass sponges.They are usually classified along with other sponges in the phylum Porifera, but some researchers consider them sufficiently distinct to deserve their own phylum, Symplasma.
Sea sponge aquaculture is the process of farming sea sponges under controlled conditions. It has been conducted in the world's oceans for centuries using a number of aquaculture techniques. There are many factors such as light, salinity , pH , dissolved oxygen and the accumulation of waste products that influence the growth rate of sponges.
Terpios hoshinota is a species of sea sponge belonging to the family Suberitidae.It is found on rocky shores in the Indo-Pacific region. [1] This sponge forms blackish sheets which overgrow and kill corals, and is the causal agent for the so-called "black disease" of corals.