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The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper. The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfide (Na 2 S), known as white ...
Wood glue is an adhesive used to tightly bond pieces of wood together. Many substances have been used as glues. Many substances have been used as glues. Traditionally animal proteins like casein from milk or collagen from animal hides and bones were boiled down to make early glues.
Woodworking, paper glue, fireproof laminates Medieval or earlier Soybean glue: As for casein glue, but using soy protein Soy protein is mixed with alkalis Albumin glues (blood glues and egg albumin adhesive, EAA) blood (serum albumin) or eggs: prehistoric Gelatin glues hide glue, including rabbit-skin glue; bone glue, and fish glue including ...
The use of wood to make pulp for paper began with the development of mechanical pulping in the 1840s by Charles Fenerty in Nova Scotia [1] and by F. G. Keller [2] in Germany. Chemical processes quickly followed, first with Julius Roth 's use of sulfurous acid to treat wood in 1857, followed by Benjamin Chew Tilghman 's US patent on the use of ...
Wood and other plant materials used to make pulp contain three main components (apart from water): cellulose fibers (desired for papermaking), lignin (a three-dimensional polymer that binds the cellulose fibres together) and hemicelluloses (shorter branched carbohydrate polymers). The aim of pulping is to break down the bulk structure of the ...
Mechanical pulping is the process in which wood is separated or defibrated mechanically into pulp for the paper industry. The mechanical pulping processes use wood in the form of logs or chips that are mechanically processes, by grinding stones (from logs) or in refiners (from chips), to separate the fibers.
Cellulose for industrial use is mainly obtained from wood pulp and from cotton. [6] Paper products: Cellulose is the major constituent of paper, paperboard, and card stock. Electrical insulation paper: Cellulose is used in diverse forms as insulation in transformers, cables, and other electrical equipment. [69]
Celluloids are a class of materials produced by mixing nitrocellulose and camphor, often with added dyes and other agents.Once much more common for its use as photographic film before the advent of safer methods, celluloid's common present-day uses are for manufacturing table tennis balls, musical instruments, combs, office equipment, fountain pen bodies, and guitar picks.