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Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville ([e.dwaʁ.le.ɔ̃ skɔt də maʁ.tɛ̃.vil]; 25 April 1817 – 26 April 1879) was a French printer, bookseller and inventor. He invented the earliest known sound recording device, the phonautograph , which was patented in France on 25 March 1857.
Invented by Frenchman Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville, it was patented on March 25, 1857. [2] It transcribed sound waves as undulations or other deviations in a line traced on smoke-blackened paper or glass. Scott believed that future technology would allow the traces to be deciphered as a kind of "natural stenography". [3]
Later, researchers discovered that a misinterpretation of a reference frequency had led to the playback speed being doubled. Once corrected, it became apparent that the recording was likely of a man, probably of the inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville himself, singing the French folk song "Au clair de la lune" at a slow pace. [4]
The phonautograph was invented on March 25, 1857, by Frenchman Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville, [13] an editor and typographer of manuscripts at a scientific publishing house in Paris. [14] One day while editing Professor Longet's Traité de Physiologie , he happened upon that customer's engraved illustration of the anatomy of the human ear ...
Many pioneering attempts to record and reproduce sound were made during the latter half of the 19th century – notably Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville's phonautograph of 1857 – and these efforts culminated in the invention of the phonograph by Thomas Edison in 1877. Digital recording emerged in the late 20th century and has since ...
Three vinyl records of different formats, from left to right: a 12 inch LP, a 10 inch LP, a 7 inch single. A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English) or a vinyl record (for later varieties only) is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.
The first device that could record actual sounds as they passed through the air (but could not play them back—the purpose was only visual study) was the phonautograph, patented in 1857 by Parisian inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville.
France has a long history of innovation and scientific discovery, contributing to various fields such as physics, mathematics, engineering, medicine, and the arts. French inventors and scientists have pioneered breakthroughs that shaped the modern world, from the development of photography and the metric system to advancements in aviation, nuclear physics, and immunology.