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Keratin (/ ˈ k ɛr ə t ɪ n / [1] [2]) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. It is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin in vertebrates. Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress. Keratin is extremely ...
Cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratin proteins Defective keratin type Condition(s) 1: Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis Ichthyosis hystrix of Curth–Macklin Diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (Unna–Thost keratoderma) Diffuse epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (Vörner keratoderma) 2 (2e) Ichthyosis bullosa of ...
A number of structural proteins (filaggrin, keratin), enzymes (e.g. proteases), lipids, and antimicrobial peptides contribute to maintain the important barrier function of the skin. Keratinization is part of the physical barrier formation ( cornification ), in which the keratinocytes produce more and more keratin and undergo terminal ...
Keratohyalin is a protein structure found in cytoplasmic granules of the keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis.Keratohyalin granules (KHG) mainly consist of keratin, profilaggrin, [1] loricrin [2] and trichohyalin proteins which contribute to cornification or keratinization, the process of the formation of epidermal cornified cell envelope.
However, in hyperkeratinization, this process is interrupted and a number of these dead skin cells do not leave the follicle because of an excess of keratin, a natural protein found in the skin. This excess of keratin, which is influenced by genetics, results in an increased adherence/bonding of dead skin cells together.
Red arrows indicate secreted lamellar bodies, and green arrows indicate lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm. Scale bar = 200 nm. In cell biology, lamellar bodies (otherwise known as lamellar granules, membrane-coating granules (MCGs), keratinosomes or Odland bodies) are secretory organelles found in type II alveolar cells in the lungs, and in keratinocytes in the skin.
Alpha-keratin, or α-keratin, is a type of keratin found in mammalian vertebrates. This protein is the primary component in hairs , horns , claws , nails and the epidermis layer of the skin . α-keratin is a fibrous structural protein , meaning it is made up of amino acids that form a repeating secondary structure.
Histologic image showing a section of epidermis. Stratum granulosum labeled near center. The stratum granulosum (or granular layer) is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis lying above the stratum spinosum and below the stratum corneum (stratum lucidum on the soles and palms). [1]