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A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science.
A Euler diagram illustrating a fallacy: Statement 1: Most of the green is touching the red. Statement 2: Most of the red is touching the blue. Logical fallacy: Since most of the green is touching red, and most of the red is touching blue, most of the green must be touching blue. This, however, is a false statement.
English: Venn diagram picturing relationships between elements within self-determination theory of student motivation. As per this is the uploader's own work as the diagram has been developed from the referenced source to to illustrate the three important elements discussed in the article. This image should be corrected to read "based on ...
De Morgan's laws represented with Venn diagrams.In each case, the resultant set is the set of all points in any shade of blue. In propositional logic and Boolean algebra, De Morgan's laws, [1] [2] [3] also known as De Morgan's theorem, [4] are a pair of transformation rules that are both valid rules of inference.
Venn diagram showing the union of sets A and B as everything not in white. In combinatorics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as
Naive set theory is any of several theories of sets used in the discussion of the foundations of mathematics. [3] Unlike axiomatic set theories, which are defined using formal logic, naive set theory is defined informally, in natural language.
The same method can also be illustrated with a Venn diagram as follows, with the prime factorization of each of the two numbers demonstrated in each circle and all factors they share in common in the intersection. The lcm then can be found by multiplying all of the prime numbers in the diagram. Here is an example: 48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3,
Information diagrams have also been applied to specific problems such as for displaying the information theoretic similarity between sets of ontological terms. [ 3 ] Venn diagram showing additive and subtractive relationships among various information measures associated with correlated variables X and Y .