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Many Pinus species adapted to this fire-prone environment with serotinous pine cones. A set of conditions must be met in order for long-term seed storage to be evolutionarily viable for a plant: The plant must be phylogenetically able (pre-adapted) to develop the necessary reproductive structures; The seeds must remain viable until cued to release
The wood is moderately hard and heavy, weak, light brown colour. The seed cones vary in shape, being rectangular to oval, cone shaped, straight or curved inward. [15] The cones are 3–5 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 4 –2 in) long, the scales with a small, fragile prickle that usually wears off before maturity, leaving the cones smooth.
The pine needles are in fascicles (bundles) of three, distinctively pale gray-green, sparse and drooping, and grow to 20–30 centimetres (8–12 in) in length. The seed cones are large and heavy, 12–35 cm ( 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 – 13 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches) in length and almost as wide as they are long.
A mature female big-cone pine (Pinus coulteri) cone, the heaviest pine cone A young female cone on a Norway spruce (Picea abies) Immature male cones of Swiss pine (Pinus cembra) A conifer cone, or in formal botanical usage a strobilus, pl.: strobili, is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants, especially in conifers and cycads.
Pinus lambertiana (commonly known as the sugar pine or sugar cone pine) is the tallest and most massive pine tree and has the longest cones of any conifer.It is native to coastal and inland mountain areas along the Pacific coast of North America, as far north as Oregon and as far south as Baja California in Mexico.
The cones thus grow over a two-year (26-month) cycle, so that newer green and older, seed-bearing or open brown cones are on the tree at the same time. Open cone with empty pine nuts. The seed cones open to 6–9 cm (2 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) broad when mature, holding the seeds on the scales after opening.
In some cases, they will drop their seeds, but in most Pinus serotina, they will persist and hold their seeds. The color of the seed cones and seed scales is red-brown in color. The foliar sheaths measure 0.4 to 0.8 with long bases. The seeds are ovule in shape, being 0.2 and 0.24 in length, and have an angled tip colored a pale brown. [10]
Pinus monticola × P. strobus – Western white pine × eastern white pine Japanese stone pine cone (Pinus pumila, left) and Japanese stone pine × Siberian pine cone (Pinus pumila × P. sibirica, right). Anatomy of the cones and visible morphological differences in the hybridized cone; Pinus monticola × P. peuce – Western white pine × ...
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