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The 30S subunit is the target of antibiotics such as tetracycline and gentamicin. [11] These antibiotics specifically target the prokaryotic ribosomes, hence their usefulness in treating bacterial infections in eukaryotes. Tetracycline interacts with H27 in the small subunit as well as binding to the A-site in the large subunit. [11]
They inhibit protein synthesis by binding reversibly to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and preventing the aminoacyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. They also bind to some extent the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit and may alter the cytoplasmic membrane causing intracellular components to leak from bacterial cells.
Speculation indicates that the binding of the molecule to the 30S subunit interferes with 30S subunit association with the mRNA strand. This results in an unstable ribosomal-mRNA complex, leading to premature stopping of protein synthesis, leading to cell death. [17] As human and bacteria both have ribosomes, streptomycin has significant side ...
The following antibiotics bind to the 30S subunit of the ribosome: Aminoglycosides [17] Tetracyclines [17] The following antibiotics bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit: Chloramphenicol [17] Clindamycin [17] Linezolid [17] (an oxazolidinone) Macrolides [17] Telithromycin [17] Streptogramins [17] Retapamulin [18]
Streptomycin in complex with a bacterial ribosome. X-ray crystallographic structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit with bound drug (purple, space-filling model, at center) protein secondary structure elements such as alpha-helices in bright green, and the RNA phosphodiester backbone shown in orange (and the ladder of base pairs in dark green and ...
Initiation of translation in bacteria involves the assembly of the components of the translation system, which are: the two ribosomal subunits (50S and 30S subunits); the mature mRNA to be translated; the tRNA charged with N-formylmethionine (the first amino acid in the nascent peptide); guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy, and the three prokaryotic initiation factors IF1, IF2 ...
Bacteria usually acquire resistance to tetracycline from horizontal transfer of a gene that either encodes an efflux pump or a ribosomal protection protein. Efflux pumps actively eject tetracycline from the cell, preventing the build up of an inhibitory concentration of tetracycline in the cytoplasm . [ 28 ]
It inhibits the synthesis of bacterial proteins by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, which is only found in bacteria. [70] [81] This prevents the binding of transfer RNA to messenger RNA at the ribosomal subunit, meaning amino acids cannot be added to polypeptide chains and new proteins cannot be made.