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The European Commission will assess the risks of four critical technologies, including semiconductors and artificial intelligence, being weaponised by countries not aligned with its values and ...
Figure gives a summary of critical raw materials lists reported by the European Commission in 2011, 2014 and 2017. All critical raw materials are graphically summarised on the periodic table of elements published in review paper "The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review". [24] The list was updated in ...
Governments designate critical raw materials (CRM) (also referred to as critical materials or critical minerals) as critical for their economies so there is no single list of such raw materials as the list varies from country to country as does the definition of critical. [1] They include technology-critical elements, rare-earth elements and ...
A technology-critical element (TCE) is a chemical element that is a critical raw material [1] [2] [3] for modern and emerging technologies, [4] [5] [6] resulting in a striking increase in their usage. [4] [7] [1] [8] Similar terms include critical elements, [9] critical materials, [4] energy-critical elements [7] and elements of security. [10]
The European Union announced plans on Tuesday to better protect its cutting-edge technologies from foreign snooping that might threaten its economy and security in the wake of repeated warnings ...
European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection (EPCIP) refers to the doctrine or specific programs created as a result of the European Commission's directive EU COM(2006) 786 which designates European critical infrastructure that, in case of fault, incident, or attack, could impact both the country where it is hosted and at least one ...
A Technology Readiness Level Calculator was developed by the United States Air Force. [6] This tool is a standard set of questions implemented in Microsoft Excel that produces a graphical display of the TRLs achieved. This tool is intended to provide a snapshot of technology maturity at a given point in time. [7]
In December 2004 it endorsed the intention of the European Commission to propose a European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection (EPCIP) and agreed to the creation of a European Critical Infrastructure Warning Information Network (CIWIN). In December the European Commission issued its finalised design as a directive EU COM(2006) 786 ...