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In lithostratigraphy, coal measures are coal-bearing strata, with the term typically applied to European units of the Upper Carboniferous System. In the United Kingdom, the term is equivalent to regional components of the Westphalian -age Coal Measures Group .
Four units were originally ascribed to the Carboniferous, in ascending order, the Old Red Sandstone, Carboniferous Limestone, Millstone Grit and the Coal Measures. These four units were placed into a formalised Carboniferous unit by William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822 and then into the Carboniferous System by Phillips in 1835.
The Coal Measures Group is a lithostratigraphical term coined to refer to the coal-bearing succession of rock strata which occur in the United Kingdom within the Westphalian Stage of the Carboniferous Period. The succession was previously referred to as the 'Productive Coal Measures'.
The Scottish Coal Measures Group is a lithostratigraphic unit referring to the coal-bearing succession of rock strata which occur in Scotland during the Westphalian regional stage of the Carboniferous Period. It is the Scottish portion of the informal Coal Measures Group, which also includes the South Wales and Pennine coal measures.
The Pennine Coal Measures Group is a lithostratigraphical term referring to the coal-bearing succession of rock strata which occur in the United Kingdom within the Westphalian Stage of the Carboniferous Period.
The coalfield shown on a 1945 Ordnance Survey map. The following seams are recognised in South Derbyshire: [2] Middle Coal Measures Ell; Dicky Gobler
It is a subdivision of the Carboniferous System or Period and the regional Silesian Series. The Westphalian is named for the region of Westphalia (German: Westfalen) in western Germany where strata of this age occur. The Coal Measures of England and Wales are also largely of Westphalian age, though they also extend into the succeeding Stephanian.
The sequence of both Carboniferous and Triassic rocks is criss-crossed by geological faults generally oriented north–south of NNW-SSE. The most significant is the north–south oriented Boundary Fault which runs west of Widnes, St Helens and Skelmersdale and marks the western edge of the Carboniferous Coal Measures outcrop.