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Many Indigenous people were also successful in sports, with 30 national and 5 commonwealth boxing champions by 1980. [208] In 1968, boxer Lionel Rose, the first Aboriginal Australian athlete to win a world championship was proclaimed Australian of the Year and thronged by 250,000 adoring fans on the streets of Melbourne.
In the 2021 census, people who self-identified on the census form as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin totalled 812,728 out of a total of 25,422,788 Australians, equating to 3.2% of Australia's population [51] and an increase of 163,557 people, or 25.2%, since the previous census in 2016. [50]
The prehistory of Australia is the period between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the colonisation of Australia in 1788, which marks the start of consistent written documentation of Australia. This period has been variously estimated, with most evidence suggesting that it goes back between 50,000 and 65,000 years.
The government encouraged more people to come to Australia and many more assisted agreements were made with countries. In the late 1950s, more immigrants began to be accepted from the Middle East . In 1958, under the Migration Act 1958 , the dictation test was removed and a new universal visa scheme or entry permits introduced.
The growth of the Swan River Colony in the 1830s led to conflict with Aboriginal people, culminating in the Pinjarra massacre in which some 15 to 30 Aboriginal people were killed. [169] [170] According to Neville Green, 30 settlers and 121 Aboriginal people died in violent conflict in Western Australia between 1826 and 1852. [171]
In 1938, over 100 Aboriginal people protested one of the first Australia Day celebrations by gathering for an "Aborigines Conference" in Sydney and marking the day as the "Day of Protest and Mourning"; [173] the day is now often referred to as "Survival Day" or "Invasion Day" by Indigenous peoples.
The Landing of Columbus, by Dióscoro Puebla. In anthropology, first contact is the first meeting of two communities previously without contact with one another. [1] [2] Notable examples of first contact are those between the Spanish Empire and the Arawak in 1492; and the Aboriginal Australians with Europeans in 1788 when the First Fleet arrived in Sydney.
First Indigenous Australian to be employed in Australia's tertiary education sector as a lecturer: Maryann Bin-Salik. [80] 1976. First Indigenous Australian to hold vice-regal office (Governor of South Australia): Sir Douglas Nicholls. [81] First Indigenous Australian to be appointed a Justice of the Peace in South Australia: Ken Hampton (see ...