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Causation (law), a key component to establish liability in both criminal and civil law Proximate cause , the basis of liability in negligence in the United States Causation , in English law, defines the requirement for liability in negligence
Counterfactual theories define causation in terms of a counterfactual relation, and can often be seen as "floating" their account of causality on top of an account of the logic of counterfactual conditionals. Counterfactual theories reduce facts about causation to facts about what would have been true under counterfactual circumstances. [24]
Causation is the "causal relationship between the defendant's conduct and end result". In other words, causation provides a means of connecting conduct with a resulting effect, typically an injury. In other words, causation provides a means of connecting conduct with a resulting effect, typically an injury.
Causation refers to the existence of "cause and effect" relationships between multiple variables. [1] Causation presumes that variables, which act in a predictable manner, can produce change in related variables and that this relationship can be deduced through direct and repeated observation. [ 2 ]
Reverse causation or reverse causality or wrong direction is an informal fallacy of questionable cause where cause and effect are reversed. The cause is said to be the effect and vice versa. Example 1 The faster that windmills are observed to rotate, the more wind is observed.
The Bradford Hill criteria, otherwise known as Hill's criteria for causation, are a group of nine principles that can be useful in establishing epidemiologic evidence of a causal relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effect and have been widely used in public health research.
Universal causation is the proposition that everything in the universe has a cause and is thus an effect of that cause. This means that if a given event occurs, then this is the result of a previous, related event. [ 1 ]
author causation (unintended) I broke the vase in rolling a ball into it. agent causation (intended) I broke the vase by rolling a ball into it. undergoer situation (non-causative) My arm broke (on me) when I fell. self-agentive causation I walked to the store. caused agency (inductive causation) I sent him to the store.