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Betula alleghaniensis, the yellow birch, [2] golden birch, [3] or swamp birch, [4] is a large tree and an important lumber species of birch native to northeastern North America. Its vernacular names refer to the golden color of the tree's bark. [5] In the past its scientific name was Betula lutea, the yellow birch.
A trunk of a birch, with part of bark cut out A Russian birch bark letter from the 14th century Birchbark shoes. Birch bark or birchbark is the bark of several Eurasian and North American birch trees of the genus Betula. For all practical purposes, birch bark's main layers are the outer dense layer, white on the outside, and the inner porous ...
The bark on the trunk and branches is golden-brown at first, but later this turns to white as a result of papery tissue developing on the surface and peeling off in flakes, in a similar manner to the closely related paper birch (B. papyrifera). The bark remains smooth until the tree gets quite large, but in older trees, the bark thickens ...
Betula papyrifera (paper birch, [5] also known as (American) white birch [5] and canoe birch [5]) is a short-lived species of birch native to northern North America. Paper birch is named after the tree's thin white bark, which often peels in paper -like layers from the trunk.
Birch bark tar use as an adhesive began in the Middle Paleolithic. Neanderthals produced tar through dry distillation of birch bark as early as 200,000 years ago. [6] A 2019 study demonstrated that birch bark tar production can be a simpler, more discoverable process by directly burning birch bark under overhanging stone surfaces in open-air conditions. [7]
Betula lenta is a medium-sized deciduous tree reaching 30 metres (98 ft) tall, exceptionally to 35 m (115 ft) [2] with a trunk up to 60 cm (2 ft) diameter. Heights of 15 m (50 ft) to 24 m (80 ft) are more typical. In younger trees the bark is characteristic of most birches, with smooth bark and distinct horizontal lenticels.
Middle of the tree. Native Americans used the boiled sap as a sweetener similar to maple syrup, and the inner bark as a survival food. [12] The river birch is not typically used in the commercial lumber industry, due to knotting, but its strong, closely grained wood is sometimes used for local furniture, woodenware, and fuel. [5] [9]
Betula albosinensis, commonly known as the Chinese red birch, is a species of birch in the family Betulaceae, native to Western China. It is notable for its distinctive peeling bark and is cultivated as an ornamental tree .
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