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Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and/or scrap. Steel has been made for millennia, and was commercialized on a massive scale in the 1850s and 1860s, using the Bessemer and Siemens-Martin processes. Two major commercial processes are used. Basic oxygen steelmaking uses liquid pig-iron from a blast furnace and scrap ...
Most of the exhibits are about iron works. In the first hall, the images about the construction of the plant in late 1930s, samples of the early production, modern steel construction elements such as angle irons, structural steels, etc. are exhibited.
Steel is an alloy composed of between 0.2 and 2.0 percent carbon, with the balance being iron. From prehistory through the creation of the blast furnace, iron was produced from iron ore as wrought iron, 99.82–100 percent Fe, and the process of making steel involved adding carbon to iron, usually in a serendipitous manner, in the forge, or via the cementation process.
Iron is the base metal of steel. Depending on the temperature, it can take two crystalline forms (allotropic forms): body-centred cubic and face-centred cubic. The interaction of the allotropes of iron with the alloying elements, primarily carbon, gives steel and cast iron their range of unique properties.
Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate good used by the iron industry in the production of steel. It is developed by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace . Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, [ 1 ] along with silica and other dross , which makes it brittle and not useful directly as a material except for ...
For many years, the Gary Works was the world's largest steel mill, and it remains the largest integrated mill in North America. [1] It is operated by U.S. Steel . The Gary Works includes both steelmaking and finishing facilities as an integrated mill, and has an annual capacity of 8.2 million tons. [ 2 ]
Joliet Iron & Steel Works in the 1870s Ruins of the gas engine house at the old ironworks. Joliet Prison is visible in the background. Ruins of gas washers at the Joliet Iron Works Historic Site. The Joliet Iron and Steel Works was once the second largest steel mill in the United States. [2] Joliet Iron Works was initially run from 1869 to 1936.
Mill scale on an anvil. Mill scale, often shortened to just scale, is the flaky surface of hot rolled steel, consisting of the mixed iron oxides iron(II) oxide (FeO, wüstite), iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3, hematite), and iron(II,III) oxide (Fe 3 O 4, magnetite).