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GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, commonly referred to as GRUB) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project.GRUB is the reference implementation of the Free Software Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which provides a user the choice to boot one of multiple operating systems installed on a computer or select a specific kernel configuration available on a particular ...
GRUB 2, elilo and systemd-boot serve as conventional, full-fledged standalone UEFI boot managers (a.k.a. bootloader managers) for Linux. Once loaded by a UEFI firmware, they can access and boot kernel images from all devices, partitions and file systems they support, without being limited to the EFI system partition.
The EFI System partition holds a filesystem and files used by the UEFI, while the BIOS boot partition is used in BIOS-based systems and accessed without a filesystem by holding raw binary code. The size requirements for a BIOS boot partition are quite low so it can be as small as about 30 KiB; however, as future boot loaders might require more ...
In UEFI systems, the Linux kernel can be executed directly by UEFI firmware via the EFI boot stub, [8] but usually uses GRUB 2 or systemd-boot as a bootloader. [9] [10] If UEFI Secure Boot is supported, a "shim" or "Preloader" is often booted by the UEFI before the bootloader or EFI-stub-bearing kernel. [11]
GRUB, with entries for Ubuntu and Windows Vista, an example of dual booting. Multi-booting is the act of installing multiple operating systems on a single computer, and being able to choose which one to boot. The term dual-booting refers to the common configuration of specifically two operating systems. Multi-booting may require a custom boot ...
GNU GRUB is the reference implementation used in the GNU operating system and other operating systems. [3] As of July 2019, the latest version of Multiboot specification is 0.6.96, defined in 2009. [2] An incompatible second iteration with UEFI support, Multiboot2 specification, was later introduced.
For EFI-based PC hardware the now orphaned [6] ELILO boot loader was developed, [7] originally by Hewlett-Packard for IA-64 systems, but later also for standard i386 and amd64 hardware with EFI support. On any version of Linux running on Intel-based Apple Macintosh hardware, ELILO is one of the available bootloaders. [8]
GNU-EFI and TianoCore are supported as main development platforms for writing binary UEFI applications in C to launch right from the rEFInd GUI menu. Typical purposes of an EFI application are fixing boot problems and programmatically modifying settings within UEFI environment, which would otherwise be performed from within the BIOS of a personal computer (PC) without UEFI.