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Two-stage servo valves may use flapper, jet pipe, or deflector jet valves as hydraulic amplifier first stages to position a second-stage spool valve. This design results in significant increases in servo valve flow capability, stability, and force output. Similarly, three-stage servo valves may use an intermediate stage spool valve to position ...
The systems evolved, replacing the mechanical linkages to the valves with electrical controls, producing the "fly-by-wire" design, [3] and more recently, optical networking systems called "fly-by-light". All these systems require three separate components, the hydraulic supply system, the valves and associated control network, and the actuators.
The actuators convert hydraulic pressure into control surface movements. The electro-hydraulic servo valves control the movement of the actuators. The pilot's movement of a control causes the mechanical circuit to open the matching servo valve in the hydraulic circuit. The hydraulic circuit powers the actuators which then move the control surfaces.
Pneumatic actuator operating a valve through a rack-and-pinion mechanism. [7] A pneumatic actuator is similar to a hydraulic one but uses a gas (usually air) instead of a liquid. [8] [9] Compared to hydraulic actuators, pneumatic ones are less complicated because they do not need pipes for the return and recycling of the working fluid. On the ...
Globe control valve with pneumatic actuator and "positioner". This is a servo which ensures the valve opens to the desired position regardless of friction. A common type of servo provides position control. Commonly, servos are electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic.
Camless valve trains have long been investigated by several companies, including Renault, BMW, Fiat, Valeo, General Motors, Ricardo, Lotus Engineering who developed electro-hydraulic valve actuation in the late 1980s as a spinoff of their active suspension program (both utilised similar electro-hydraulic actuation and control), Ford, Jiangsu Gongda Power Technologies, and Koenigsegg's sister ...
The hydraulic circuits are similar except that mechanical servo valves are replaced with electrically controlled servo valves, operated by the electronic controller. This is the simplest and earliest configuration of an analog fly-by-wire flight control system. In this configuration, the flight control systems must simulate "feel".
English: Sectional diagram of a single stage servo-valve with linear motor and Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT). Is=Current to solenoid, P A T B are gates, sig=signal. initial position Is=Current to solenoid, P A T B are gates, sig=signal. initial position