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Empirical evidence is evidence obtained through sense experience or experimental procedure. It is of central importance to the sciences and plays a role in various other fields, like epistemology and law. There is no general agreement on how the terms evidence and empirical are to be defined. Often different fields work with quite different ...
In Kantian philosophy, a transcendental schema (plural: schemata; from Ancient Greek: σχῆμα, 'form, shape, figure') is the procedural rule by which a category or pure, non-empirical concept is associated with a sense impression. A private, subjective intuition is thereby discursively thought to be a representation of an external object.
Popper says that despite the fact that the empirical basis can be shaky, more comparable to a swamp than to solid ground, [AA] the definition that is given above is simply the formalization of a natural requirement on scientific theories, without which the whole logical process of science [W] would not be possible.
Because of their non-empirical nature, formal sciences are construed by outlining a set of axioms and definitions from which other statements are deduced. For this reason, in Rudolf Carnap 's logical-positivist conception of the epistemology of science , theories belonging to formal sciences are understood to contain no synthetic statements ...
For example, considering the proposition "all bachelors are unmarried:" its negation (i.e. the proposition that some bachelors are married) is incoherent due to the concept of being unmarried (or the meaning of the word "unmarried") being tied to part of the concept of being a bachelor (or part of the definition of the word "bachelor").
For Avicenna , for example, the tabula rasa is a pure potentiality that is actualized through education, and knowledge is attained through "empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts" developed through a "syllogistic method of reasoning in which observations lead to propositional statements ...
Empirical evidence (the record of one's direct observations or experiences) can be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively. Quantifying the evidence or making sense of it in qualitative form, a researcher can answer empirical questions, which should be clearly defined and answerable with the evidence collected (usually called data ).
A coordinative definition is a postulate which assigns a partial meaning to the theoretical terms of a scientific theory by correlating the ... non-empirical terms ...