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The Goldman Sachs asset management (GSAM) factor model is a quantitative investment model used by financial analysts to assess the potential performance and risk of company. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] There are various types of factor models – statistical models, macroeconomic models and fundamental models.
In mathematical finance, multiple factor models are asset pricing models that can be used to estimate the discount rate for the valuation of financial assets; they may in turn be used to manage portfolio risk. They are generally extensions of the single-factor capital asset pricing model (CAPM).
National Intangible Capital NIC consists of four basic dimensions according to the model by Edvinsson & Malone (1997). [3] This model has been further developed, [4] now consisting 48 different indicators representing the four main NIC categories: [1] Human capital: Capacity and capability of a country population Market capital: Global business ...
Total intangible and tangible investment 1995-2023 Intangible investment as a share of GDP, 1995 versus 2023. Multiple economies. Business can benefit from unlocking value from their intangible assets, with intellectual property and other intangibles adding at least double the value to products as tangible capital. [1]
In 2015, Fama and French extended the model, adding a further two factors — profitability and investment. Defined analogously to the HML factor, the profitability factor (RMW) is the difference between the returns of firms with robust (high) and weak (low) operating profitability; and the investment factor (CMA) is the difference between the returns of firms that invest conservatively and ...
Intangible assets, in contrast, carry a higher rate of return due to the same factors above. Averaging these rates of returns, as a percentage of the total asset base, produces a WARA. In theory, the WARA should generate the same cost of capital as the Weighted average cost of capital, or WACC. The theory holds true because the operating entity ...
Intellectual capital is the result of mental processes that form a set of intangible objects that can be used in economic activity and bring income to its owner (organization), covering the competencies of its people (human capital), the value relating to its relationships (relational capital), and everything that is left when the employees go home (structural capital), [1] of which ...
Calculating option prices, and their "Greeks", i.e. sensitivities, combines: (i) a model of the underlying price behavior, or "process" - i.e. the asset pricing model selected, with its parameters having been calibrated to observed prices; and (ii) a mathematical method which returns the premium (or sensitivity) as the expected value of option ...