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Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
Spiritus fumans – stannic chloride, formed by distilling tin with corrosive sublimate. Spirit of hartshorn – ammonia, formed by the decomposition of sal-ammoniac by unslaked lime. Spirit of salt/ acidum salis – the liquid form of hydrochloric acid (also called muriatic acid), formed by mixing common salt with oil of vitriol.
Hydrazoic acid: used primarily for preservation of stock solutions, and as a reagent Hydrochloric acid: a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses Hydrofluoric acid: valued source of fluorine, precursor to numerous pharmaceuticals; highly corrosive Hydrogen peroxide: an oxidizer commonly used as a bleach Imidazole
Here, fresh aqua regia has been added to these NMR tubes to remove all traces of organic material. Aqua regia (/ ˈ r eɪ ɡ i ə, ˈ r iː dʒ i ə /; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. [b] Aqua regia is a fuming liquid.
Mineral acids are also used directly for their corrosive properties. For example, a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid is used for removing the deposits from the inside of boilers, with precautions taken to prevent the corrosion of the boiler by the acid. This process is known as descaling.
The first and faster [citation needed] process is the removal of hydrogen and oxygen as units of water by the concentrated sulfuric acid. This occurs because hydration of concentrated sulfuric acid is strongly thermodynamically favorable, with a standard enthalpy of reaction of −880 kJ/mol.
Hydrogen chloride forms corrosive hydrochloric acid on contact with water found in body tissue. Inhalation of the fumes can cause coughing , choking , inflammation of the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract , and in severe cases, pulmonary edema , circulatory system failure, and death. [ 26 ]
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .