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Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
Nitric acid: highly corrosive and toxic strong acid; used for the production of fertilizers, production of explosives, and as a component of aqua regia, as well as mixed acid for nitration of aromatic compounds Osmium tetroxide: in organic synthesis, is widely used to oxidise alkenes to the vicinal diols Oxalyl chloride
In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.
Trichlorosilane is highly reactive, and may respond violently (and even explosively) to many compounds. [8] This also includes water , potentially producing silicon dioxide , chlorine , hydrogen , hydrogen chloride (and its aqueous form hydrochloric acid ), and heat.
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
The main types of irritant and/or corrosive products are: acids, bases, oxidizers / reducing agents, solvents, and alkylants. Additionally, chemical burns can be caused by biological toxins (such as anthrax toxin ) and by some types of cytotoxic chemical weapons , e.g., vesicants such as mustard gas and Lewisite , or urticants such as phosgene ...
Commonly used mineral acids are sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO 3); these are also known as bench acids. [1] Mineral acids range from superacids (such as perchloric acid) to very weak ones (such as boric acid). Mineral acids tend to be very soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents.
It can also be produced by the addition of hydrochloric acid to a hot, concentrated solution of mercury(I) compounds such as the nitrate: [2] Hg 2 (NO 3) 2 + 4 HCl → 2 HgCl 2 + 2 H 2 O + 2 NO 2. Heating a mixture of solid mercury(II) sulfate and sodium chloride also affords volatile HgCl 2, which can be separated by sublimation. [2]