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Phenylhydrazine was the first hydrazine derivative characterized, reported by Hermann Emil Fischer in 1875. [7] [8] He prepared it by reduction of a phenyl diazonium salt using sulfite salts. Fischer used phenylhydrazine to characterize sugars via formation of hydrazones known as osazones with the sugar aldehyde. He also demonstrated in this ...
Phenylmagnesium iodide, like the bromide analog, is a synthetic equivalent for the phenyl anion synthon. Iodobenzene reacts with chlorine to give the complex, iodobenzene dichloride, [4] which is used as a solid source of chlorine. Iodobenzene can also serve as a substrate for the Sonogashira coupling, Heck reaction, and other metal-catalyzed ...
Hydrazines (R 2 N−NR 2) are a class of chemical compounds with two nitrogen atoms linked via a covalent bond and which carry from one up to four alkyl or aryl substituents. . Hydrazines can be considered as derivatives of the inorganic hydrazine (H 2 N−NH 2), in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by hydrocarbon grou
Iodine itself contains 7 valence electrons, and, in a monovalent iodane such as iodobenzene (C 6 H 5 I), the phenyl ligand donates one additional electron to give a completed octet. In a λ 3 ‑iodane , each X-type ligand donates an additional electron, for 10 in total; the result is a decet structure.
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The reaction of a (substituted) phenylhydrazine with a carbonyl (aldehyde or ketone) initially forms a phenylhydrazone which isomerizes to the respective enamine (or 'ene-hydrazine'). After protonation , a cyclic [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement occurs producing a diimine .
When derived from hydrazine itself, hydrazones condense with a second equivalent of a carbonyl to give azines: [11] R 2 C=N−NH 2 + R 2 C=O → R 2 C=N−N=CR 2 + H 2 O. Hydrazones are intermediates in the Wolff–Kishner reduction. Hydrazones are reactants in hydrazone iodination, the Shapiro reaction, and the Bamford–Stevens reaction to ...
4-Iodophenol (p-iodophenol) is an aromatic organic compound. A colorless solid, it is one of three monoiodophenols. 4-Iodophenol undergoes a variety of coupling reactions in which the iodine substituent is replaced by a new carbon group para to the hydroxy group of the phenol . [ 3 ]