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  2. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    The base 3 appears 5 times in the multiplication, because the exponent is 5. Here, 243 is the 5th power of 3, or 3 raised to the 5th power. The word "raised" is usually omitted, and sometimes "power" as well, so 3 5 can be simply read "3 to the 5th", or "3 to the 5".

  3. Modular exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_exponentiation

    Modular exponentiation is the remainder when an integer b (the base) is raised to the power e (the exponent), and divided by a positive integer m (the modulus); that is, c = b e mod m. From the definition of division, it follows that 0 ≤ c < m. For example, given b = 5, e = 3 and m = 13, dividing 5 3 = 125 by 13 leaves a remainder of c = 8.

  4. Power of 10 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_10

    Visualisation of powers of 10 from one to 1 trillion. In mathematics, a power of 10 is any of the integer powers of the number ten; in other words, ten multiplied by itself a certain number of times (when the power is a positive integer). By definition, the number one is a power (the zeroth power) of ten. The first few non-negative powers of ...

  5. Power associativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_associativity

    Over a field of characteristic 0, an algebra is power-associative if and only if it satisfies [,,] = and [,,] =, where [,,]:= () is the associator (Albert 1948). Over an infinite field of prime characteristic p > 0 {\displaystyle p>0} there is no finite set of identities that characterizes power-associativity, but there are infinite independent ...

  6. Exponentiation by squaring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring

    Power(x, −n) = Power(x −1, n), Power(x, −n) = (Power(x, n)) −1. The approach also works in non-commutative semigroups and is often used to compute powers of matrices. More generally, the approach works with positive integer exponents in every magma for which the binary operation is power associative.

  7. Logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm

    In mathematics, the logarithm of a number is the exponent by which another fixed value, the base, must be raised to produce that number. For example, the logarithm of 1000 to base 10 is 3, because 1000 is 10 to the 3 rd power: 1000 = 10 3 = 10 × 10 × 10. More generally, if x = b y, then y is the logarithm of x to base b, written log b x, so ...

  8. Scientific notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_notation

    or m times ten raised to the power of n, where n is an integer, ... (=9 d) is written as 1.001 b × 2 d 11 b or 1.001 b × 10 b 11 b using binary numbers ...

  9. Binary prefix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_prefix

    A binary prefix is a unit prefix that indicates a multiple of a unit of measurement by an integer power of two.The most commonly used binary prefixes are kibi (symbol Ki, meaning 2 10 = 1024), mebi (Mi, 2 20 = 1 048 576), and gibi (Gi, 2 30 = 1 073 741 824).