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Whereas enculturation describes the process of learning one's own culture, acculturation denotes learning a different culture, for example, that of a host. [7] The latter can be linked to ideas of a culture shock, which describes an emotionally-jarring disconnect between one's old and new culture cues. [8]
Culture shock is an experience a person may have when one moves to a cultural environment which is different from one's own; it is also the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration or a visit to a new country, a move between social environments, or simply transition to another type ...
Cultural conflicts are difficult to resolve as parties to the conflict have different beliefs. [3] Cultural conflicts intensify when those differences become reflected in politics, particularly on a macro level. [3] An example of cultural conflict is the debate over abortion. [3] Ethnic cleansing is another extreme example of cultural conflict. [4]
An early proponent of the term was the Guyanese writer Wilson Harris, who wrote in The Womb of Space (1983), that "cultural heterogeneity or cross-cultural capacity" gives an "evolutionary thrust" to the imagination. [3] [4] Anthropology exerted a strong influence on the development of cross-culturalism in literary and cultural studies.
Children are socialized to learn ideal affect through cultural products such as storybooks, showing cross-cultural differences by preschool age. [29] European American preschoolers preferred excited smiles and activities over calm ones, and perceived an excited smile as happier than Taiwanese Chinese preschoolers did. [29]
The term applies to both adults and children, as the term kid refers to the individual's formative or developmental years. However, for clarification, sometimes the term adult third culture kid (ATCK) is used. TCKs move between cultures before they have had the opportunity to fully develop their personal and cultural identity. [3]
Kramer's DAD theory also utilizes concepts from several scholars, most notably Jean Gebser and Lewis Mumford, to synthesize explanations of widely observed cultural expressions and differences. Kramer's theory identifies three communication styles (idolic, symbolic, or signalic) in order to explain cultural differences. It is important to note ...
A culture gap is any systematic difference between two cultures which hinders mutual understanding or relations. Such differences include the values, behavior, education, and customs of the respective cultures. [1] As international communications, travel, and trade have expanded, some of the communication and cultural divisions have lessened.