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The number needed to treat (NNT) or number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) is an epidemiological measure used in communicating the effectiveness of a health-care intervention, typically a treatment with medication. The NNT is the average number of patients who need to be treated to prevent one additional bad outcome.
It is the most common bacterial pneumonia found in adults, the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia, and one of the common types of pneumococcal infection. The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal pneumonia is 900,000 annually, with almost 400,000 cases hospitalized and fatalities accounting for 5-7% of these cases. [2]
CAP, the most common type of pneumonia, is a leading cause of illness and death worldwide [citation needed]. Its causes include bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. [1] CAP is diagnosed by assessing symptoms, performing a physical examination, by x-ray or by sputum examination.
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. [3] [14] Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. [15]
The polysaccharide vaccines, while effective in healthy adults, are not effective in children less than two years old or those with poor immune function. [1] [4] These vaccines are generally safe. [1] With the conjugate vaccine about 10% of babies develop redness at the site of injection, fever, or change in sleep. [1] Severe allergies are very ...
[citation needed] It is commonly known as "walking pneumonia" because its symptoms are often mild enough that one can still be up and about. [18] [19] "Atypical pneumonia" is atypical in that it is caused by atypical organisms (other than Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis). [20]
Hemoptysis may be exacerbated or even caused by overtreatment with anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin. [citation needed] Blood-laced mucus from the sinus or nose area can sometimes be misidentified as symptomatic of hemoptysis (such secretions can be a sign of nasal or sinus cancer, but also a sinus infection). Extensive non-respiratory ...
The pneumonia progresses for two to four days and may cause respiratory failure and shock. Patients will die without early treatment, some within 36 hours. [citation needed] Initial pneumonic plague symptoms can often include the following: [citation needed] Fever; Weakness; Headaches; Nausea; Rapidly developing pneumonia with: [citation needed]