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The two drugs that have been well-described for the treatment of hymenolepiasis are praziquantel and niclosamide. Praziquantel, which is parasiticidal in a single dose for all the stages of the parasite, is the drug of choice because it acts very rapidly against H. nana. Although structurally unrelated to other anthelminthics, it kills both ...
Example of ascariasis (ascaris infection) - Difficult surgical procedure in South Africa on a gangrenous piece of bowel that had to be cut out; live ascaris worms are emerging. Piece of intestine, blocked by worms, surgically removed from a 3-year-old boy in South Africa.
Some types of helminths and protozoa are classified as intestinal parasites that cause infection—those that reside in the intestines. These infections can damage or sicken the host (humans or other animals). If the intestinal parasite infection is caused by helminths, the infection is called helminthiasis.
This is a particularly serious problem in helminth parasites of small ruminant farm animals. [12] There are many factors that contribute to anthelmintic resistance, such as frequent, mass anthelmintic treatment, underdosing, treating repeatedly with only one anthelmintic, and resistance being transmitted during transfer of animals. [12]
Praziquantel is not licensed for use in humans in the UK, but it can be imported when necessary on a named-patient basis. [36] It is available in the UK as a veterinary anthelmintic. Praziquantel is FDA approved in the US for the treatment of schistosomiasis and liver flukes, although it is effective in other infections. [37]
This therapy ties to the Hygiene hypothesis in that the lack of exposure to bacteria and parasites such as helminths can cause a weaker immune system leading to being more susceptible to autoimmune disease. [4] [5] Helminth worms are members of two phyla: nematodes, which are primarily used in human helminthic therapy, and flat worms . [2]
The soil-transmitted helminths (also called geohelminths) are a group of intestinal parasites belonging to the phylum Nematoda that are transmitted primarily through contaminated soil. They are so called because they have a direct life cycle which requires no intermediate hosts or vectors , and the parasitic infection occurs through faecal ...
Arpraziquantel ((R)-praziquantel) is the eutomer (the biologically active enantiomer) of praziquantel, and is a medication which is currently under investigation for the treatment of schistosomiasis in young children since it has less side effects than the usual racemic mixture formulation of praziquantel.