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Monitoring information of energy use, in order to establish a basis for energy management and explain deviations from an established pattern. Its primary goal is to maintain said pattern, by providing all the necessary data on energy consumption, as well as certain driving factors, as identified during preliminary investigation (production, weather, etc.) [2]
Downside risk (DR) is measured by target semi-deviation (the square root of target semivariance) and is termed downside deviation. It is expressed in percentages and therefore allows for rankings in the same way as standard deviation. An intuitive way to view downside risk is the annualized standard deviation of returns below the target.
Strategic energy management (SEM) is a set of processes for business energy management. [1] SEM is often deployed via programs that target the businesses or other organizations within a utility territory or a government area. [2] SEM is codified in the ISO 50001 standard for energy management systems. [3]
Attestation for constrained smart meters faces a slightly different challenge, however. One of the biggest issues with attestation for constrained smart meters is that in order to prevent energy theft, and similar attacks, cyber security providers have to make sure that the devices' software is authentic.
Energy efficiency was a lower priority when energy was cheap and awareness of its environmental impact was low. In 1975 the average fuel economy of a car in the US was under 15 miles per gallon [ 6 ] Incandescent light bulbs, which were the most common type until the late 20th century, waste 90% of their energy as heat, with only 10% converted ...
As of March 2010 more than 550 ESPC projects worth $3.6 billion were awarded to 25 Federal Agencies and organizations in 49 states and the District of Columbia (D.C.). .). These projects saved an estimated 30.2 trillion BTU annually, equivalent to the energy consumed by 318,300, and $11 billion in energy costs, $9.6 billion goes to fund energy efficiency projects and $1.4 billion is reduced ...
The Waxman–Markley comprehensive energy bill (American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009) [11] increased the awareness and impact on the electric transmission grid. The act was designed with the intention to reduce greenhouse emissions by 17 percent by 2020. This reduction would require there to be a concentration on energy consumption ...
A system sequence diagram should be done for the main success scenario of the use case, and frequent or complex alternative scenarios. There are two kinds of sequence diagrams: Sequence Diagram (SD): A regular version of sequence diagram describes how the system operates, and every object within a system is described specifically.