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The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the evolutionary lineage of the modern human species, Homo sapiens, throughout the history of life, beginning some 4 billion years ago down to recent evolution within H. sapiens during and since the Last Glacial Period.
The published conclusion was that all current human mtDNA originated from a single population from Africa, at the time dated to between 140,000 and 200,000 years ago. [ 14 ] The dating for "Eve" was a blow to the multiregional hypothesis , which was debated at the time, and a boost to the theory of the recent origin model .
The research also located a possible origin of modern human migration in southwestern Africa, near the coastal border of Namibia and Angola. [252] The fossil evidence was insufficient for archaeologist Richard Leakey to resolve the debate about exactly where in Africa modern humans first appeared. [253]
Anatomically modern humans appear in Africa. [103] [104] [105] Around 50 ka they start colonising the other continents, replacing Neanderthals in Europe and other hominins in Asia. 70 ka Genetic bottleneck in humans (Toba catastrophe theory). 40 ka Last giant monitor lizards (Varanus priscus) die out. 35-25 ka Extinction of Neanderthals.
Human history is the record of humankind from prehistory to the present. Modern humans evolved in Africa around 300,000 years ago and initially lived as hunter-gatherers.They migrated out of Africa during the Last Ice Age and had spread across Earth's continential land except Antarctica by the end of the Ice Age 12,000 years ago.
[10] [11] Carl Zimmer has speculated that the chemical conditions, including boron, molybdenum and oxygen needed to create RNA, may have been better on early Mars than on early Earth. [12] [13] [14] If so, life-suitable molecules originating on Mars would have later migrated to Earth via meteor ejections.
In “A City on Mars,” Kelly and Zach Weinersmith investigate what life would be like for humans on the red planet, arguing that Elon Musk’s dream is doomed to fail. Elon Musk has pledged to ...
Mars-1 was the first spacecraft launched to Mars in 1962, [265] but communication was lost while en route to Mars. With Mars-2 and Mars-3 in 1971–1972, information was obtained on the nature of the surface rocks and altitude profiles of the surface density of the soil, its thermal conductivity, and thermal anomalies detected on the surface of ...