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In condensed matter physics and electrochemistry, drift current is the electric current, or movement of charge carriers, which is due to the applied electric field, often stated as the electromotive force over a given distance. When an electric field is applied across a semiconductor material, a current is produced due to the flow of charge ...
v d is the magnitude of the electron drift velocity (in other words, the electron drift speed) caused by the electric field, and; μ e is the electron mobility. The hole mobility is defined by a similar equation: =. Both electron and hole mobilities are positive by definition.
The formula for evaluating the drift velocity of charge carriers in a material of constant cross-sectional area is given by: [1] =, where u is the drift velocity of electrons, j is the current density flowing through the material, n is the charge-carrier number density, and q is the charge on the charge-carrier.
The diamagnetic drift is not actually a guiding center drift and resembles averaged (fluid) behavior of large collection of particles. A pressure gradient does not cause any single particle to drift. Nevertheless, the fluid velocity is defined by counting the particles moving through a reference area, and a pressure gradient results in more ...
The term heterogeneous here means a fluid containing particles. Particles can be solid , liquid or gas bubbles with sizes on the scale of a micrometer or nanometer . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] There is a common source of all these effects—the so-called interfacial 'double layer' of charges.
A solution to the one-dimensional Fokker–Planck equation, with both the drift and the diffusion term. In this case the initial condition is a Dirac delta function centered away from zero velocity. Over time the distribution widens due to random impulses.
The drift current, by contrast, is due to the motion of charge carriers due to the force exerted on them by an electric field. Diffusion current can be in the same or opposite direction of a drift current. The diffusion current and drift current together are described by the drift–diffusion equation. [1]
In direct current (DC) circuits, the streamers that form at electrodes with positive and negative voltages are different in appearance and form by different physics mechanisms. Negative streamers propagate against the direction of the electric field, that is, in the same direction as the electrons drift velocity .