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  2. Bacteriophage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriophage

    Structural model at atomic resolution of bacteriophage T4 [1] The structure of a typical myovirus bacteriophage Anatomy and infection cycle of bacteriophage T4.. A bacteriophage (/ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ /), also known informally as a phage (/ ˈ f eɪ dʒ /), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.

  3. Lysogenic cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysogenic_cycle

    The temperate phage escaping repression would be a disadvantage for the bacteria. On the other hand, the prophage may transfer genes that enhance host virulence and resistance to the immune system. Also, the repressor produced by the prophage that prevents prophage genes from being expressed confers immunity for the host bacteria from lytic ...

  4. Escherichia virus T4 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_virus_T4

    In order for the T-even phage to infect its host and begin its life cycle it must enter the first process of infection, adsorption of the phage to the bacterial cell. Adsorption is a value characteristic of phage-host pair and the adsorption of the phage on host cell surface is illustrated as a 2-stage process: reversible and irreversible.

  5. Prophage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophage

    This mechanism eventually will lead to the release of the virus as the host cell splits open and the viral DNA is able to spread. [5] This new discovery provided key insights into bacterial conjugation and contributed to the early repression model of gene regulation, which provided an explanation as to how the lac operon and λ bacteriophage ...

  6. Lytic cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lytic_cycle

    There are three classes of genes in the phage genome that regulate whether the lytic or lysogenic cycles will emerge. The first class is the immediate early genes, the second is the delayed early genes and the third is the late genes. The following refers to the well-studied temperate phage lambda of E. coli. [citation needed]

  7. Enzybiotics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzybiotics

    Once the cell is lysed, the bacteriophage is able to release progeny virions into the environment which in turn infect more bacterial cells. [5] In addition to degrading bacterial cell walls from within, endolysins are effective when applied externally and can lyse Gram-positive bacteria that lack an outer cell membrane . [ 6 ]

  8. Lysogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysogen

    A lysogen or lysogenic bacteria is a bacterial cell that can produce and transfer the ability to produce a phage. [1] A prophage is either integrated into the host bacteria 's chromosome or more rarely exists as a stable plasmid within the host cell.

  9. Restriction modification system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_modification...

    The RM system was first discovered by Salvatore Luria and Mary Human in 1952 and 1953. [1] [2] They found that a bacteriophage growing within an infected bacterium could be modified, so that upon their release and re-infection of a related bacterium the bacteriophage's growth is restricted (inhibited; also described by Luria in his autobiography on pages 45 and 99 in 1984). [3]