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A currency [a] is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. [1] [2] A more general definition is that a currency is a system of money in common use within a specific environment over time, especially for people in a nation state. [3]
The currency in circulation in a country is based on the need or demand for cash in the community. The monetary authority of each country (or currency zone) is responsible for ensuring there is enough money in circulation to meet the commercial needs of the economy, and releases additional notes and coins when there is a demand for them.
The precise definition of M1, M2, etc. may be different in different countries. Another measure of money, M0, is also used. M0 is base money, or the amount of money actually issued by the central bank of a country. It is measured as currency plus deposits of banks and other institutions at the central bank.
Denomination is a proper description of a currency amount, usually for coins or banknotes. Denominations may also be used with other means of payment such as gift cards . For example, five euros is the denomination of a five-euro note .
An alternative definition of a world or global currency refers to a hypothetical single global currency or supercurrency, as the proposed terra or the DEY (acronym for Dollar Euro Yen), [18] produced and supported by a central bank which is used for all transactions around the world, regardless of the nationality of the entities (individuals ...
A currency pair is the quotation of the relative value of a currency unit against the unit of another currency in the foreign exchange market. The currency that is used as the reference is called the counter currency , quote currency, or currency [ 1 ] and the currency that is quoted in relation is called the base currency or transaction currency.
The reserve currency can be used in international transactions, international investments and all aspects of the global economy. It is often considered a hard currency or safe-haven currency. The United Kingdom's pound sterling was the primary reserve currency of much of the world in the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. [1]
Currency money is money in full circulation that takes its value from the precious metal it contains, that is, its market value is (almost) the value of the metal it contains (apart from the Seigniorage or the minters' profit), though this is always overcompensated for in coins and banknotes from a country undergoing debasement.