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The voiced alveolar, dental and postalveolar plosives (or stops) are types of consonantal sounds used in many spoken languages.The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is d (although the symbol d̪ can be used to distinguish the dental plosive, and d̠ the postalveolar), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d.
Features of the voiced alveolar implosive: Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
The voiced alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar trills is r , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r. It is commonly called the rolled R, rolling R, or trilled R.
Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive. Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate. Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
Voiced plosives are pronounced with vibration of the vocal cords, voiceless plosives without. Plosives are commonly voiceless, and many languages, such as Mandarin Chinese and Hawaiian , have only voiceless plosives.
The voiceless dental plosive can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, t̪ and the postalveolar with a retraction line, t̠ , and the Extensions to the IPA have a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation, t͇ . The [t] sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically. [1]
The voiced labiodental plosive or stop is a consonant sound produced like a [b], but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in [v]. This can be represented in the IPA as b̪ . A separate symbol that is sometimes seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, but not recognized by the IPA, is the db ligature ȸ .
The voiced alveolar lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral approximants is l , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is l. As a sonorant, lateral approximants are nearly always voiced.