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pure osmium at 20 °C (22.587 g/cm 3) [25] 140.5 M: pure copper at 25 °C (8.93 g/cm 3) 10 3: kM: 10 4: 24 kM: helium in the solar core (150 g/cm 3 ⋅ 65%) [26] 10 5: 10 6: MM: 10 7: 10 8: 122.2 MM: nuclei in a white dwarf from a 3 M ☉ progenitor star (10 6.349 g/cm 3) [27] 10 9: GM: 10 10: 10 11: 10 12: TM: 10 13: 10 14: 10 15: PM: 10 16: ...
Atmospheric pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m 3, μg/m 3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude because the atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation: [2]
Normality is defined as the number of gram or mole equivalents of solute present in one liter of solution.The SI unit of normality is equivalents per liter (Eq/L). = where N is normality, m sol is the mass of solute in grams, EW sol is the equivalent weight of solute, and V soln is the volume of the entire solution in liters.
11.6 g of NaCl is dissolved in 100 g of water. The final mass concentration ρ(NaCl) is ρ(NaCl) = 11.6 g / 11.6 g + 100 g = 0.104 g/g = 10.4 %. The volume of such a solution is 104.3mL (volume is directly observable); its density is calculated to be 1.07 (111.6g/104.3mL) The molar concentration of NaCl in the solution is therefore
Particulate matter (PM) in the atmospheric air or in any other gas cannot be expressed in terms of ppmv, ppbv, volume percent or mole percent. PM is most usually (but not always) expressed as mg/m 3 of air or other gas at a specified temperature and pressure. For gases, volume percent = mole percent
It is a dimensionless quantity with dimension of / and dimensionless unit of moles per mole (mol/mol or mol ⋅ mol-1) or simply 1; metric prefixes may also be used (e.g., nmol/mol for 10-9). [5] When expressed in percent , it is known as the mole percent or molar percentage (unit symbol %, sometimes "mol%", equivalent to cmol/mol for 10 -2 ).
For example, the conversion factor between a mass fraction of 1 ppb and a mole fraction of 1 ppb is about 4.7 for the greenhouse gas CFC-11 in air (Molar mass of CFC-11 / Mean molar mass of air = 137.368 / 28.97 = 4.74). For volume fraction, the suffix "V" or "v" is sometimes appended to the parts-per notation (e.g. ppmV, ppbv, pptv).
The solution has 1 mole or 1 equiv Na +, 1 mole or 2 equiv Ca 2+, and 3 mole or 3 equiv Cl −. An earlier definition, used especially for chemical elements , holds that an equivalent is the amount of a substance that will react with 1 g (0.035 oz) of hydrogen , 8 g (0.28 oz) of oxygen , or 35.5 g (1.25 oz) of chlorine —or that will displace ...