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Educational assessment or educational evaluation[1] is the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, aptitude and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning. [2] Assessment data can be obtained by examining student work directly to assess the achievement of learning outcomes or ...
Pygmalion effect. The Pygmalion effect is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area and low expectations lead to worse performance. [ 1 ] It is named after the Greek myth of Pygmalion, the sculptor who fell so much in love with the perfectly beautiful statue he created that the statue ...
In applied behavior analysis, the Premack principle is sometimes known as "grandma's rule", which states that making the opportunity to engage in high-frequency behavior contingent upon the occurrence of low-frequency behavior will function as a reinforcer for the low-frequency behavior. [6] In other words, an individual must "first" engage in ...
The testing effect (also known as retrieval practice, active recall, practice testing, or test-enhanced learning) [1][2][3] suggests long-term memory is increased when part of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory. [4] It is different from the more general practice effect, defined in the APA Dictionary of ...
Formative vs summative assessments. Formative assessment, formative evaluation, formative feedback, or assessment for learning, [1] including diagnostic testing, is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment.
Summative assessment is used as an evaluation technique in instructional design, It can provide information on the efficacy of an educational unit of study. Summative evaluation judges the worth or value of an educational unit of study at its conclusion. Summative assessments also serve the purpose of evaluating student learning.
Survival handbook of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) from 1944. Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) is a training concept originally developed by the United Kingdom during World War II. It is best known by its military acronym and prepares a range of Western forces to survive when evading or being captured.
e. Delayed gratification, or deferred gratification, is the ability to resist the temptation of an immediate reward in favor of a more valuable and long-lasting reward later. It involves forgoing a smaller, immediate pleasure to achieve a larger or more enduring benefit in the future. [1] A growing body of literature has linked the ability to ...