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  2. Melancholia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melancholia

    Melancholia or melancholy (from Greek: µέλαινα χολή melaina chole, [1] meaning black bile) [2] is a concept found throughout ancient, medieval, and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood, bodily complaints, and sometimes hallucinations and delusions.

  3. Biology of depression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_of_depression

    Biology of depression. Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD), [ 1 ] and this has encouraged advocates of various theories that seek to identify a biochemical origin of the disease, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes.

  4. Depression (mood) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)

    e. Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity. [3] It affects about 3.5% of the global population, or about 280 million people of all ages (as of 2020). [4] Depression affects a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well-being. [5]

  5. The Anatomy of Melancholy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Anatomy_of_Melancholy

    The Anatomy of Melancholy (full title: The Anatomy of Melancholy, What it is: With all the Kinds, Causes, Symptomes, Prognostickes, and Several Cures of it. In Three Maine Partitions with their several Sections, Members, and Subsections. Philosophically, Medicinally, Historically, Opened and Cut Up) is a book by Robert Burton, first published ...

  6. Depression and immune function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_and_immune_function

    However, once the ability to down-regulate behavior to divert resources for immune function existed, the underlying mechanisms could then be used by other systems. This is thought to then allow for additional adaptations that add cognitive symptoms unique to melancholic depression to those stemming from normal sickness behavior. [14]

  7. Homotopic connectivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopic_connectivity

    Homotopic connectivity. In biology, homotopic connectivity is the connectivity between mirror areas of the human brain hemispheres. [1] Changes in the homotopic connectivity occur in disorders such as melancholic depression, [2] major depressive disorder, [3] schizophrenia [4] and cortical seizures. [5]

  8. History of depression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_depression

    Melancholia and melancholy had been used interchangeably until the 19th century, but the former came to refer to a pathological condition and the latter to a temperament. [3] The term depression was derived from the Latin verb deprimere, "to press down". [12] From the 14th century, "to depress" meant to subjugate or to bring down in spirits.

  9. History of bipolar disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bipolar_disorder

    History of bipolar disorder. Cyclical variations in moods and energy levels have been recorded at least as far back as several thousand years. The words "melancholia" (an old word for depression) and "mania" have their etymologies in Ancient Greek. The word melancholia is derived from melas /μελας, meaning "black", and chole /χολη ...

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