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Doppler cooling is a mechanism that can be used to trap and slow the motion of atoms to cool a substance. The term is sometimes used synonymously with laser cooling , though laser cooling includes other techniques.
Laser cooling. Simplified principle of Doppler laser cooling: 1. A stationary atom sees the laser neither red- nor blue-shifted and does not absorb the photon. 2. An atom moving away from the laser sees it red-shifted and does not absorb the photon. 31. An atom moving towards the laser sees it blue-shifted and absorbs the photon, slowing the atom.
Sub-Doppler cooling is a class of laser cooling techniques that reduce the temperature of atoms and molecules below the Doppler cooling limit. In experiment implementation, Doppler cooling is limited by the broad natural linewidth of the lasers used in cooling. [ 1] Regardless of the transition used, however, Doppler cooling processes have an ...
Resolved sideband cooling. Resolved sideband cooling is a laser cooling technique allowing cooling of tightly bound atoms and ions beyond the Doppler cooling limit, potentially to their motional ground state. Aside from the curiosity of having a particle at zero point energy, such preparation of a particle in a definite state with high ...
Lasers can be detuned in the lab frame so that they are Doppler shifted to the resonant frequency in a moving system, which allows lasers to affect only atoms moving at a specific speed or in a specific direction and makes laser detuning a central tool of laser cooling [2] and magneto-optical traps.
Gray molasses is a method of sub-Doppler laser cooling of atoms. It employs principles from Sisyphus cooling in conjunction with a so-called "dark" state whose transition to the excited state is not addressed by the resonant lasers. Ultracold atomic physics experiments on atomic species with poorly-resolved hyperfine structure, like isotopes of ...
Saturated absorption spectroscopy measures the transition frequency of an atom or molecule between its ground state and an excited state. In saturated absorption spectroscopy, two counter-propagating, overlapped laser beams are sent through a sample of atomic gas. One of the beams stimulates photon emission in excited atoms or molecules when ...
Polarization gradient cooling (PG cooling) is a technique in laser cooling of atoms. It was proposed to explain the experimental observation of cooling below the doppler limit. [1] Shortly after the theory was introduced experiments were performed that verified the theoretical predictions. [2] While Doppler cooling allows atoms to be cooled to ...