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  2. Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_Rights...

    The Preamble of the Constitution of India – India declaring itself as a country. The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State. These sections are considered vital elements of the ...

  3. Constitution of India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India

    The Forty-second Amendment widened Article 31C and added Articles 368(4) and 368(5), stating that any law passed by Parliament could not be challenged in court. The Supreme Court ruled in Minerva Mills v. Union of India that judicial review is a basic characteristic of the constitution, overturning Articles 368(4), 368(5) and 31C. [75]

  4. Directive Principles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_Principles

    The Directive Principles of State Policy of India are the guidelines to be followed by the government of India for the governance of the country. They are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down there are considered "Fundamental" in the governance of the country, which makes it the duty of the State [1] to apply these principles in making laws to establish a just society in ...

  5. National Council of Educational Research and Training

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_of...

    The material is press-ready and may be printed by paying a 5% royalty, and by acknowledging NCERT. [11] The textbooks are in color-print and are among the least expensive books in Indian book stores. [11] Textbooks created by private publishers are priced higher than those of NCERT. [11]

  6. Politics of India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_India

    The latest 18th Lok Sabha elections was conducted in seven phases from 19 April 2024 to 1 June 2024 by the Election commission of India. The results bought in the NDA (National Democratic Alliance) to form in the next government [5] In recent decades, Indian politics has become a dynastic affair. [6]

  7. NCERT textbook controversies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCERT_textbook_controversies

    In the Class 7 textbook topic titled “Our Pasts-2”, pages 48 and 49 have been excluded. These pages mentioned “Mughal Emperors: Major campaigns and events.” The deletions also affected Biology and Chemistry textbooks as the theory of evolution and the periodic table were also purged from class 10 NCERT textbooks. [35] [36]

  8. Federalism in India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalism_in_India

    Only J&K has its own constitution (till 5 August 2019 as separate constitution of J&K was scrapped). Many states had the right to mint supplementary coins, use state flags, independent civil and criminal codes, and maintain state paramilitary forces: With the exception of J&K (till 5 August 2019), no state can follow a separate criminal code.

  9. Fundamental rights in India - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_rights_in_India

    Right to information has been given the status of a fundamental right under Article 19(1) of the Constitution in 2005. Article 19 (1) provides every person with freedom of speech and expression, as well as the right to know how the government works, what roles it plays, and what its functions are, among other things. [43]