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A phase-gate process (also referred to as a waterfall process) is a project management technique in which an initiative or project (e.g., new product development, software development, process improvement, business change) is divided into distinct stages or phases, separated by decision points (known as gates).
Some common examples are the T gate where = (historically known as the / gate), the phase gate (also known as the S gate, written as S, though S is sometimes used for SWAP gates) where = and the Pauli-Z gate where =.
Front-end loading (FEL), also referred to as Front End Planning (FEP), pre-project planning (PPP), feasibility analysis, conceptual planning, programming/schematic design and early project planning, is the process for conceptual development of projects in processing industries such as upstream oil and gas, petrochemical, natural gas refining, extractive metallurgy, waste-to-energy ...
The global phase gate introduces a global phase to the whole qubit quantum state. A quantum state is uniquely defined up to a phase. A quantum state is uniquely defined up to a phase. Because of the Born rule , a phase factor has no effect on a measurement outcome: | e i φ | = 1 {\displaystyle |e^{i\varphi }|=1} for any φ {\displaystyle ...
In the 'Phase Gate Model', the product or services concept is frozen at an early stage to minimize risk. Through enterprise, the innovation process involves a series of sequential phases arranged in a manner that the preceding phase must be cleared before moving to the next phase.
The stage-gate process evolved into life-cycle phases. [17] Stages are phases of the decision-making process where development work is completed. Phase–gate systems divide the innovation process into a predetermined set of stages composed of a group of "prescribed, related, and often parallel activities."
A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input signal. Keeping the input and output phase in lockstep also implies keeping the input and output frequencies the same, thus a phase-locked loop can also track an input frequency.
Other examples of quantum logic gates derived from classical ones are the Toffoli gate and the Fredkin gate. However, the Hilbert-space structure of the qubits permits many quantum gates that are not induced by classical ones. For example, a relative phase shift is a 1 qubit gate given by multiplication by the phase shift operator: