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Disruptive selection is a specific type of natural selection that actively selects against the intermediate in a population, favoring both extremes of the spectrum. Disruptive selection is inferred to oftentimes lead to sympatric speciation through a phyletic gradualism mode of evolution. Disruptive selection can be caused or influenced by ...
Stabilizing selection conserves functional genetic features, such as protein-coding genes or regulatory sequences, over time by selective pressure against deleterious variants. [105] Disruptive (or diversifying) selection is selection favoring extreme trait values over intermediate trait values.
The first is directional selection, which is a shift in the average value of a trait over time—for example, organisms slowly getting taller. [80] Secondly, disruptive selection is selection for extreme trait values and often results in two different values becoming most common, with selection against the average value. This would be when ...
[13] [15] Over time, this mutation could separate two extreme morphs into two distinct species in a process called disruptive selection. [16] Habitat
Variation over time, unlike variation over space, is not in itself enough to maintain multiple types, because in general the type with the highest geometric mean fitness will take over, but there are a number of mechanisms that make stable coexistence possible. [10]
In a population, heritable traits that increase an organism's ability to survive and reproduce tend to increase in frequency over generations through a process known as natural selection. [4] The selection gradient shows how much an organism's relative fitness (ω) changes in response to a given increase or decrease in the value of a trait. It ...
Third, a fitness minimum where disruptive selection will occur and the population branch into two morphs. This process is known as evolutionary branching. In a pairwise invasibility plot the singular strategies are found where the boundary of the region of positive invasion fitness intersects the diagonal.
Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population. [1] This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection (natural and artificial), gene flow and genetic drift. This change happens over a relatively short (in evolutionary terms) amount of time compared to the changes termed macroevolution.