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A signal-flow graph or signal-flowgraph (SFG), invented by Claude Shannon, [1] but often called a Mason graph after Samuel Jefferson Mason who coined the term, [2] is a specialized flow graph, a directed graph in which nodes represent system variables, and branches (edges, arcs, or arrows) represent functional connections between pairs of nodes.
An example of a signal-flow graph Flow graph for three simultaneous equations. The edges incident on each node are colored differently just for emphasis. An example of a flow graph connected to some starting equations is presented. The set of equations should be consistent and linearly independent. An example of such a set is: [2]
Signal-flow graph connecting the inputs x (left) to the outputs y that depend on them (right) for a "butterfly" step of a radix-2 Cooley–Tukey FFT. This diagram resembles a butterfly (as in the morpho butterfly shown for comparison), hence the name, although in some countries it is also called the hourglass diagram.
Mason's Rule is also particularly useful for deriving the z-domain transfer function of discrete networks that have inner feedback loops embedded within outer feedback loops (nested loops). If the discrete network can be drawn as a signal flow graph, then the application of Mason's Rule will give that network's z-domain H(z) transfer function.
Signal-flow graphs are weighted, directed graphs. He used these to analyse circuits containing mutual couplings and active networks. The weight of a directed edge in these graphs represents a gain, such as possessed by an amplifier. In general, signal-flow graphs, unlike the regular directed graphs described above, do not correspond to the ...
Informally, a flow may be viewed as a continuous motion of points over time. More formally, a flow is a group action of the real numbers on a set. The idea of a vector flow, that is, the flow determined by a vector field, occurs in the areas of differential topology, Riemannian geometry and Lie groups.
Angular position servo and signal flow graph. θ C = desired angle command, θ L = actual load angle, K P = position loop gain, V ωC = velocity command, V ωM = motor velocity sense voltage, K V = velocity loop gain, V IC = current command, V IM = current sense voltage, K C = current loop gain, V A = power amplifier output voltage, L M = motor inductance, I M = motor current, R M = motor ...
Flow graph (mathematics), a directed graph linked to a set of linear algebraic or differential equations; Flow network, a directed graph where each edge has a capacity and receives a flow; Signal-flow graph, a directed graph with nodes as system variables and branches as node connections
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