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Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS type 1 and type 2), sometimes referred to by the hyponyms reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) or reflex neurovascular dystrophy (RND), is a rare and severe form of neuroinflammatory and dysautonomic disorder causing chronic pain, neurovascular, and neuropathic symptoms.
Childhood and adolescence. [1] Some evidence shows 14 years of age to be an average. [5] Types: Complex regional pain syndrome, Diffuse idiopathic pain (Also known as juvenile fibromyalgia), Intermittent amplified pain, Localized amplified pain [1] [2] Causes: Psychological trauma, physical injury, illness [1] [6] Risk factors
Explanatory model of chronic pain. Chronic pain is defined as reoccurring or persistent pain lasting more than 3 months. [1] The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage". [2]
It states, "Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), formerly reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) or "causalgia",…" Thie "or" part is misleading in the extreme--it implies that RSD and causalgia are two names for the same thing.
During several epidemiological studies conducted in different countries, wide differences in the prevalence of chronic pain have been reported from 8% to 55.2% in countries; for example, studies evaluate the incidence in Iran and Canada between 10% and 20% and in the United States between 30% and 40%. The results show that an average of 8% to ...
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The mean of all the studies combined results in an EM estimation incidence of 4.7/100,000 with a mean of 1 : 3.7 of the male to female ratio, respectively. [44] [45] In 1997 there was a study conducted in Norway that estimated that the annual incidence of 2/100,000, with a 1 : 2.4 male to female ratio in this study population, respectively. [46]
CRPS-RSD of the left foot imaged with medical thermology during a cold pressor test. Examples of neuro-musculoskeletal indications for medical thermology include Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD), Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), Dysautonomia , Migraine , Fibromyalgia (and other weather-sensitive pain syndromes), thoracic outlet syndrome ...