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The BNP test is also used for the risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndromes. [42] [43] When interpreting an elevated BNP level, values may be elevated due to factors other than heart failure. Lower levels are often seen in obese patients. [44] Higher levels are seen in those with renal disease, in the absence of heart failure.
There is no level of BNP that perfectly separates patients with and without heart failure. [14]In screening for congenital heart disease in pediatric patients, an NT-proBNP cut-off value of 91 pg/mL could differentiate an acyanotic heart disease (ACNHD) patient from a healthy patient with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 42%. [15]
References range may vary with age, sex, race, pregnancy, [10] diet, use of prescribed or herbal drugs and stress. Reference ranges often depend on the analytical method used, for reasons such as inaccuracy , lack of standardisation , lack of certified reference material and differing antibody reactivity . [ 11 ]
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its pro hormone NT-proBNP are especially useful in diagnosing heart failure, as their levels in the blood increase along with the severity of the condition. [3] Rapid testing of BNP and NT-proBNP can also help distinguish between shortness of breath due to heart and lung-related causes.
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
These are normal physiological adaptations that cause changes in behavior, the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, metabolism including increases in blood sugar levels, kidney function, posture, and breathing. During pregnancy numerous hormones and proteins are secreted that also have a broad range of effects.
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a natriuretic peptide hormone secreted from the cardiac atria that in humans is encoded by the NPPA gene. [5] Natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP , and CNP ) are a family of hormone/paracrine factors that are structurally related. [ 6 ]
Estrogen, progesterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) levels during pregnancy in women. [1] The dashed vertical lines separate the trimesters . Determinations were via radioimmunoassay .