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In mathematics, an open book decomposition (or simply an open book) is a decomposition of a closed oriented 3-manifold M into a union of surfaces (necessarily with boundary) and solid tori. Open books have relevance to contact geometry , with a famous theorem of Emmanuel Giroux (given below) that shows that contact geometry can be studied from ...
A decomposition with local endomorphism rings [5] (cf. #Azumaya's theorem): a direct sum of modules whose endomorphism rings are local rings (a ring is local if for each element x, either x or 1 − x is a unit). Serial decomposition: a direct sum of uniserial modules (a module is uniserial if the lattice of submodules is a finite chain [6]).
This leads to the associated Calderón–Zygmund decomposition of f , wherein f is written as the sum of "good" and "bad" functions, using the above sets. Covering lemma [ edit ]
This is an important technique for all types of time series analysis, especially for seasonal adjustment. [2] It seeks to construct, from an observed time series, a number of component series (that could be used to reconstruct the original by additions or multiplications) where each of these has a certain characteristic or type of behavior.
In linear algebra, the Cholesky decomposition or Cholesky factorization (pronounced / ʃ ə ˈ l ɛ s k i / shə-LES-kee) is a decomposition of a Hermitian, positive-definite matrix into the product of a lower triangular matrix and its conjugate transpose, which is useful for efficient numerical solutions, e.g., Monte Carlo simulations.
In linear algebra, the Schmidt decomposition (named after its originator Erhard Schmidt) refers to a particular way of expressing a vector in the tensor product of two inner product spaces. It has numerous applications in quantum information theory , for example in entanglement characterization and in state purification , and plasticity .
In mathematical analysis, the Whitney covering lemma, or Whitney decomposition, asserts the existence of a certain type of partition of an open set in a Euclidean space. Originally it was employed in the proof of Hassler Whitney's extension theorem. The lemma was subsequently applied to prove generalizations of the Calderón–Zygmund ...
Decomposition: This is a version of Schur decomposition where and only contain real numbers. One can always write A = V S V T {\displaystyle A=VSV^{\mathsf {T}}} where V is a real orthogonal matrix , V T {\displaystyle V^{\mathsf {T}}} is the transpose of V , and S is a block upper triangular matrix called the real Schur form .