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  2. Chemical file format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format

    A chemical file format is a type of data file which is used specifically for depicting molecular data. One of the most widely used is the chemical table file format, which is similar to Structure Data Format files. They are text files that represent multiple chemical structure records and associated data fields.

  3. Electron capture detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture_detector

    The detection limit for electron capture detectors is 5 femtograms per second (fg/s) and the detector commonly exhibits a 10,000-fold linear range. [ citation needed ] This made it possible to detect halogenated compounds such as pesticides and CFCs , even at levels of only one part per trillion ( ppt ), thus revolutionizing our understanding ...

  4. Explosives trace detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosives_trace_detector

    This technology has significantly more false alarms because many other harmless compounds also have an abundance of nitro groups. For example, most fertilizers have nitro groups which are falsely identified as explosives, and the sensitivity of this technology is also fairly low. A popular detector using this technology is Scintrex Trace EVD 3000.

  5. Photoionization detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoionization_detector

    The photoionization detector was applied to gas chromatography (GC) three years later, in 1976. [5] A PID is highly selective when coupled with a chromatographic technique or a pre-treatment tube such as a benzene-specific tube. Broader cuts of selectivity for easily ionized compounds can be obtained by using a lower energy UV lamp.

  6. IEEE 1451 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_1451

    IEEE 1451 is a set of smart transducer interface standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Instrumentation and Measurement Society's Sensor Technology Technical Committee describing a set of open, common, network-independent communication interfaces for connecting transducers (sensors or actuators) to microprocessors, instrumentation systems, and ...

  7. Charged aerosol detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charged_Aerosol_Detector

    The charged aerosol detector (CAD) is a detector used in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) to measure the amount of chemicals in a sample by creating charged aerosol particles which are detected using an electrometer.

  8. Cherenkov detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_detector

    Cherenkov threshold detectors have been used for fast timing and time of flight measurements in particle detectors. More elaborate designs use the amount of light produced. Recording light from both primary and secondary particles, for a Cherenkov calorimeter the total light yield is proportional to the incident particle energy.

  9. Time projection chamber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_projection_chamber

    This critical technology enabled the possibility of a time projection chamber based on Nygren's original design, but using liquid argon as the sensitive medium instead of gas. In 1976, Herbert H. Chen , with collaborators at University of California, Irvine and the California Institute of Technology , proposed one of the earliest uses of liquid ...