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  2. Performance-enhancing substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance-enhancing...

    Performance-enhancing substances (PESs), also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), [1] are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans. Many substances, such as anabolic steroids , can be used to improve athletic performance and build muscle, which in most cases is considered cheating by organized ...

  3. Junctional rhythm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junctional_rhythm

    This sinus rhythm is important because it ensures that the heart's atria reliably contract before the ventricles, ensuring as optimal stroke volume and cardiac output. [ 4 ] In junctional rhythm, however, the sinoatrial node does not control the heart's rhythm – this can happen in the case of a block in conduction somewhere along the pathway ...

  4. Preload (cardiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preload_(cardiology)

    When both the heart and lungs are healthy, pulmonary wedge pressure is equal to left ventricle diastolic pressure and can be used as a surrogate for preload. [3] Pulmonary wedge pressure will overestimate left ventricle pressure in people with mitral valve stenosis , pulmonary hypertension and other heart and lung conditions.

  5. Pediatric early warning signs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediatric_Early_Warning_Signs

    The goal of pediatric early warning systems is to alert staff to deterioration in pediatric patients at the earliest possibility to quickly intervene and improve mortality rates. [22] It is based on the idea that using objective clinical indicators and risk assessment tools will improve communication and improve patient care, however, there is ...

  6. Medical diagnosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosis

    A process of identifying all of the possible diagnoses that could be connected to the signs, symptoms, and lab findings, and then ruling out diagnoses until a final determination can be made. Diagnostic criteria Designates the combination of signs, symptoms, and test results that the clinician uses to attempt to determine the correct diagnosis.

  7. Doping at the Tour de France - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_at_the_Tour_de_France

    The controls are almost always negative, which means that the labs have been making serious mistakes, mistakes that have only served to speed up the growth of this evil. The controls we developed after Simpson's death were a lie, covered up by the highest scientific and medical authorities, and I condemn them.

  8. Electrophysiology study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophysiology_study

    An EP study is typically performed in an EP lab or cath lab. These are specially equipped operating rooms that usually contain an X-ray machine capable of acquiring live X-ray video images (a fluoroscope ), equipment to record electrical signals from the heart, a stimulator to electrically excite the heart and control the heart rate, and ...

  9. Depolarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depolarization

    In the process of depolarization, the negative internal charge of the cell temporarily becomes more positive (less negative). This shift from a negative to a more positive membrane potential occurs during several processes, including an action potential. During an action potential, the depolarization is so large that the potential difference ...