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A-fragments form distinct structural domains of approximately 76 amino acids, coded for by a single exon within the complement protein gene. The C3a, C4a and C5a components are referred to as anaphylatoxins: [4] [5] they cause smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, histamine release from mast cells, and enhanced vascular permeability. [5]
Type III hypersensitivity, in the Gell and Coombs classification of allergic reactions, occurs when there is accumulation of immune complexes (antigen-antibody complexes) that have not been adequately cleared by innate immune cells, giving rise to an inflammatory response and attraction of leukocytes.
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), also called NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) or historically aspirin-induced asthma and Samter's Triad, is a long-term disease defined by three simultaneous symptoms: asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and intolerance of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
The treatment of immediate hypersensitivity reactions includes the management of anaphylaxis with intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine), oxygen, intravenous (IV) antihistamine, support blood pressure with IV fluids, avoid latex gloves and equipment in patients who are allergic, and surgical procedures such as tracheotomy if there is severe ...
Diseases and disorders SADS Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome: SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome: SB Spina bifida: SBMD Sensory-based motor disorder: SBS Shaken baby syndrome: SC Sydenham chorea: SD Saint Vitus's dance (see Sydenham chorea) SDD Sensory discrimination disorder SDS Sudden death syndrome SHF Systolic heart failure: SIDS
Estimates of between 0.5 and 3.5% have been made for ABPA burden in asthma, [32] [33] and 1–17.7% in CF. [32] [34] Five national cohorts, detecting ABPA prevalence in asthma (based on GINA estimates), [35] were used in a recent meta-analysis to produce an estimate of the global burden of ABPA complicating asthma. From 193 million people with ...
Almost all patients experience asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, [9] with more than 90% having a history of asthma that is either a new development, or the worsening of pre-existing asthma, [10] which may require systemic corticosteroid treatment. [7] On average, asthma develops from three to nine years before the other signs and symptoms. [7]
[3] An example of complement dependent type II hypersensitivity is an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction following transfusion of ABO incompatible blood. [4] Preformed antibody (predominantly IgM) against donor red cell antigens not found in an individual of a particular blood group (e.g. anti-A IgM in an individual with blood group B), bind to the donor red cell surface and lead to rapid ...