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Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa za Banga [a] (/ m ə ˈ b uː t uː ˈ s ɛ s eɪ ˈ s ɛ k oʊ / ⓘ mə-BOO-too SESS-ay SEK-oh; born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997), often shortened to Mobutu Sese Seko or Mobutu and also known by his initials MSS, was a Congolese politician and military officer who was the first and only president of Zaire from 1971 to 1997.
Authenticité, [note 1] sometimes Zairisation or Zairianisation in English, was an official state ideology of the regime of Mobutu Sese Seko that originated in the late 1960s and early 1970s in what was first the Democratic Republic of Congo, later renamed Zaire.
Mobutu Sese Seko and U.S. President George H. W. Bush in Washington, D.C., 1989.. For the most part, Zaire enjoyed warm relations with the United States. The United States was the third largest donor of aid to Zaire (after Belgium and France), and Mobutu befriended several U.S. presidents, including John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush.
DR Congo's long-time leader Mobutu Sese Seko oversaw their construction in the 1970s and 1980s, but by the end of the century, both dams were dilapidated due to a lack of funding for their ...
The country was a one-party totalitarian military dictatorship, run by Mobutu Sese Seko and his Popular Movement of the Revolution. Zaire was established following Mobutu's seizure of power in a military coup in 1965, after five years of political upheaval following independence from Belgium known as the Congo Crisis.
Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (1930–1997) — 24 November 1965 27 October 1971 [2] 5 years, 337 days Military (until 1967) 1970: MPR: Republic of Zaire (1971–1997) (2) Mobutu Sese Seko (1930–1997) [a] 1977 1984: 27 October 1971 [2] 16 May 1997 (Deposed in a civil war) [3] 25 years, 201 days MPR: Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–present) 3
However, its legacy and symbolism were continued by smaller parties in the modern-day DR Congo. These included the Union of Mobutist Democrats (UDEMO), a Mobutist political party in parliament led by Nzanga Mobutu, the son of Mobutu Sese Seko; and the MPR-Fait privé under Cathérine Marthe Nzuzi wa Mbombo. [12]
Mobutu Sese Seko, pictured with U.S. American President George H. W. Bush on a visit to the United States in 1989. As a result of the Congo Crisis of 1960–1965, army commander Mobutu Sese Seko seized power in the newly independent Congo, [1] [2] renaming the country to "Zaire" in 1972 [3] and running it as his "poorly managed private estate" for 32 years. [4]