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Ocular neuropathic pain, also called corneal neuralgia, is a spectrum of disorders of ocular pain which are caused by damage or disease affecting the nerves.Ocular neuropathic pain is frequently associated with damaged or dysfunctional corneal nerves, [1] but the condition can also be caused by peripheral or centralized sensitization. [2]
In the case of trigeminal neuralgia, the affected nerves are responsible for sensing touch, temperature sensation and pressure sensation in the facial area from the jaw to the forehead. The disorder generally causes short episodes of excruciating pain, usually for less than two minutes and usually only one side of the face. The pain can be ...
Atypical trigeminal neuralgia (ATN), or type 2 trigeminal neuralgia, is a form of trigeminal neuralgia, a disorder of the fifth cranial nerve. This form of nerve pain is difficult to diagnose, as it is rare and the symptoms overlap with several other disorders. [ 1 ]
Direct optic nerve injuries are caused by trauma to the head or orbit that crosses normal tissue planes and disrupts the anatomy and function of the optic nerve; e.g., a bullet or forceps that physically injures the optic nerve. Indirect injuries, like blunt trauma to the forehead during a motor vehicle accident, transmit force to the optic ...
This optic nerve must penetrate through the wall of the eye, and the hole to accommodate this is usually 20-30% larger than the nerve diameter. In some patients the optic nerve is nearly as large as the opening in the back of the eye, and the optic disc appears "crowded" when seen by ophthalmoscopy. A crowded disc is also referred to as a "disc ...
Damage to the blood vessels supplying the optic nerves leads to insufficient blood supply to the nerve and subsequent optic nerve fiber death. Most cases of AAION result in nearly complete vision loss first to one eye. If the temporal arteritis is left untreated, the affected eye will likely suffer vision loss as well within 1–2 weeks.
Ulnar neuropathy at the cubital tunnel is diagnosed based on characteristic symptoms and signs. Intermittent or static numbness in the small finger and ulnar half of the ring finger, weakness or atrophy of the first dorsal interosseous, positive Tinel sign over the ulnar nerve proximal to the cubital tunnel, and positive elbow flexion test (elicitation of paresthesia in the small and ring ...
Methadone does so because it is a racemic mixture; only the l-isomer is a potent μ-opioid agonist. The d-isomer does not have opioid agonist action and acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist; d-methadone is analgesic in experimental models of chronic pain. [35] There is little evidence to indicate that one strong opioid is more effective than ...