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In old age, the costal cartilages are prone to superficial ossification, particularly in women with age of 50 years and over. [3] In costochondritis and Tietze syndrome, inflammation of the costal cartilage occurs. [4] This is a common cause of chest pain. [5] Severe trauma may lead to fracture of the costal cartilage. [6]
Cartilages of larynx, trachea and bronchi. (Carina is at the point of bifurcation.) (Carina is at the point of bifurcation.) Transverse section of the trachea, just above its bifurcation, with a bird’s-eye view of the interior.
Costochondritis, also known as chest wall pain syndrome or costosternal syndrome, is a benign inflammation of the upper costochondral (rib to cartilage) and sternocostal (cartilage to sternum) joints. 90% of patients are affected in multiple ribs on a single side, typically at the 2nd to 5th ribs. [1]
The articular facet, is small and oval and is the lower and more medial of the two, and connects to the transverse costal facet on the thoracic vertebra of the same rib number. [5] The transverse costal facet is on the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrae to which the head is connected.
The sternocostal joints, also known as sternochondral joints or costosternal articulations, are synovial plane joints of the costal cartilages of the true ribs with the sternum. [1] The only exception is the first rib, which has a synchondrosis joint since the cartilage is directly united with the sternum. [1]
The posterior lamina of the tendon receives the attachment of the greater part of the sternal portion and the deep fibers, i.e., those from the costal cartilages. These deep fibers, particularly those from the lower costal cartilages, ascend the humerus insertion higher, turning backward successively behind the superficial and upper ones, so ...
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The costal margin is the medial margin formed by the cartilages of the seventh to tenth ribs. It attaches to the body and xiphoid process of the sternum. [2] The thoracic diaphragm attaches to the costal margin. [3] The costal angle is the angle between the left and right costal margins where they join the sternum. [2]